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October 27.2025
2 Minutes Read

Unlocking Africa's Last Colony: The Ongoing Fight for Western Sahara's Independence

Abstract colorful lines symbolizing unity.

The Last Stand for Freedom: Understanding Western Sahara's Ongoing Struggle

In an age where colonial empires have largely faded into history, one territory in Africa remains shackled by the chains of colonialism: Western Sahara. Often referred to as "Africa's last colony," this contested territory blocks the continent's complete decolonization and continues to be a flashpoint for international tensions, especially as it wrestles for independence from Moroccan rule.

The Colonial Legacy

Western Sahara, once a Spanish colony, bears a troubling history that began to unfold in 1975 when Spain relinquished control, prompting Morocco to assert claims over the territory. This led to a conflict characterized by the imposition of two occupying powers—Morocco and Mauritania—against the aspirations of its indigenous Sahrawi population, represented by the POLISARIO Front. Despite the withdrawal of Mauritania, Morocco has maintained a grip on the majority of the territory, leading to a series of intermittent military confrontations alongside daunting diplomatic stalemates.

International Law and Self-Determination

The struggle for self-determination in Western Sahara has drawn scrutiny under international law, notably regarding Morocco's proposed autonomy plan, which many argue infringes upon the rights of the Sahrawi people to vote on their political future. As Dr. Stephen Zunes pointed out, endorsing Morocco’s autonomy would mark a dangerous precedent allowing territorial expansion through military force. This situation serves as a test case not just for the Sahrawis but has broader implications for international norms surrounding decolonization and territorial integrity.

The Role of Global Powers in the Conflict

The international community's role has been fraught with complexity. The United States' recent recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara has led to intensified debates surrounding European Union policies and skepticism from Algeria, which backs the Sahrawi cause. The UN's characterized neutrality and failed intervention strategies further complicate the pathways to peace. The recent security council draft resolution from the US, purportedly favoring Morocco's autonomy proposal as a potential resolution, dismisses the longstanding call for a UN-sponsored referendum that would allow the Sahrawis to choose their future independently.

A Fragile Path Forward

With the UN mission set to vote on the future of the peacekeeping operation in Western Sahara, the need for a renewed diplomatic approach is crucial. Staffan de Mistura, the UN envoy, represents a flicker of hope. Engaging all parties in direct talks might alleviate the situation, but concrete action remains lacking. Efforts must focus on actionable measures, such as releasing imprisoned Sahrawi activists and granting access for international observers to foster trust in the negotiation process.

Call to Action: Supporting Self-Determination

The global community must rally to support Western Sahara's right to self-determination—now more than ever. By advocating effective diplomatic solutions that respect the voices of Sahrawi people, we can work toward a peaceful resolution that may serve as a model for similar situations worldwide. It is vital for business leaders, policymakers, and academics to prioritize awareness and action surrounding this pressing global issue.

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